Vulvar carcinoma is usually treated surgically. The aim is to remove the tumor as completely as possible while preserving the vulva and the functionality of the affected areas as much as possible. Surgical removal of the tumor is the most important treatment step, especially in the early stages of vulvar carcinoma. Depending on the extent and location of the tumor, a hemivulvectomy (partial removal of the vulva) or a total vulvectomy (complete removal of the vulva) is performed.
Surgery for vulvar carcinoma
Surgery is the most important treatment option for vulvar carcinoma. The aim is to completely remove the tumor with a sufficient safety margin to prevent recurrence while preserving the function and aesthetics of the vulva as far as possible. In many cases, a single operation is sufficient to cure vulvar carcinoma.
Restricted operations
For small, early tumors, limited surgery can be performed to remove the tumor while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. This method is preferred in order to maintain the patient’s quality of life. These operations can be performed as local tissue removal, laser treatment or partial removal of the vulva (hemivulvectomy).
Radical operations (vulvectomy)
Radical surgery is necessary for extensive or large tumors. In recent years, these have also been increasingly personalized and adapted to the situation.
Reconstruction
In many cases, (radical) tumor removal is followed by plastic surgery reconstruction to restore the vulva functionally and cosmetically.
Lymph node dissection
As vulvar carcinoma often spreads via the lymph channels, the regional lymph nodes (inguinal lymph nodes) are usually removed in order to detect and treat any spread. We usually perform this as a sentinel procedure so that only very few lymph nodes need to be removed.
Radiotherapy
After an operation or in the case of advanced tumors, the surgical site or the tumor can be irradiated. This is often combined with chemotherapy (known as radiochemotherapy). Using the latest radiation techniques, we can treat gently and effectively.
Study participation
If possible, we will offer you participation in a study or advise you on current studies.
Chemotherapy to complement the operation
In addition to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy may also be used, especially if the tumor is already advanced or if lymph nodes in the groin or pelvis are affected. However, vulvar carcinomas generally respond rather poorly to radiotherapy, which is why it is usually used in combination with surgery or chemotherapy.
Chemotherapy is mainly used for vulvar carcinoma in advanced stages or for tumors that are not completely operable. We plan chemotherapy individually for each patient, depending on the stage of the tumor, general condition and concomitant diseases. Chemotherapy is usually carried out on an outpatient basis in our day clinic.
Aftercare and support
Once treatment has been completed, regular follow-up care is essential in order to detect recurrence at an early stage and treat any secondary symptoms. This includes:
- Regular check-ups of the vulva and lymph node region
- Imaging procedures for suspected metastases
- Psychosocial support and counseling, as vulvar cancer can also have a major impact on quality of life
Complementary Medicine
During treatment at the USZ, you benefit from numerous complementary therapies. This includes, for example, complementary medical treatment, supportive sports therapies or psycho-oncological support. Our trained Cancer Care Nurses will be happy to advise you in detail.
Treatment at the Gynecological Tumor Center of the USZ
The Gynecological Tumor Center of the USZ is an interdisciplinary center that offers you state-of-the-art diagnostic, treatment and surgical techniques. Each patient is discussed on an interdisciplinary basis at the tumor board in order to receive the best possible, individually tailored therapy. In our safe, empathetic and discreet environment, we offer you top medical care and prefer to treat you as an outpatient.
