The heart and the brain are more closely connected than many people realize. In fact, certain heart conditions can trigger a stroke, often without the person experiencing any symptoms beforehand. In this interview, Prof. Dr. med. Susanne Wegener, Chief Physician of the Department of Neurology and Director of the Stroke Center at the USZ, explains the connection between the heart and the brain, what to look out for, and how to reduce the risk of stroke.
When people think of a stroke, many of them think of the brain first. How can the heart even be the cause of a stroke?
The heart and brain are directly connected to each other via the large blood vessels. If a blood clot forms in the heart, it can travel through the bloodstream to the brain and block a blood vessel there. This can lead to a stroke.
Which heart conditions are particularly likely to increase the risk of stroke, and why?
One of the most common causes is atrial fibrillation, a heart rhythm disorder that occurs primarily in older adults. This causes the heart to beat irregularly, which can lead to the formation of blood clots. If these reach the brain, they can cause a stroke. Many people with this condition are therefore prescribed blood-thinning medication to reduce the risk.
Atrial fibrillation is considered one of the leading causes of heart-related strokes. Why is this heart rhythm disorder so treacherous?
Many people assume that they would notice an irregular heartbeat right away. However, that is often not the case. Atrial fibrillation can also be temporary and remain undetected for a long time. That is why regular preventive checkups are important. Starting at age 65, a routine ECG can help detect atrial fibrillation early. Anyone who notices an irregular pulse or other symptoms should consult a doctor.
How do doctors determine whether a stroke originated in the heart?
The probable cause of the stroke is investigated as early as the stroke unit. These include examinations of the brain and blood vessels using MRI, CT, and ultrasound. At the same time, the heart is also examined, for example, using echocardiography and a long-term ECG. Today, modern mini ECG sensors make it easy to monitor heart rhythm for 30 days.
Is it possible to prevent a heart-related stroke? What can people do on their own to reduce their risk?
A healthy lifestyle plays an important role. Smoking, lack of physical activity, diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, high blood lipid levels, and chronic stress increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and, consequently, stroke. Regular preventive checkups are just as important for identifying and treating risk factors early on.
What message would you like to share with your readers?
The heart and the brain influence each other more than many people realize. Strokes can originate in the heart, and at the same time, brain disorders can also affect the heart. It’s worth keeping your heart and brain in shape and seeking medical advice early on if you experience any symptoms.
Zurich Stroke Center
When it comes to a stroke, every minute counts: At the USZ’s certified stroke center, we combine first-class expertise and state-of-the-art technology around the clock to give you the best possible chance at a full recovery and a life of independence.
